The Commonly Confused Words Bathos and Pathos

The words bathos and pathos are related in meaning as well as in sound, but theyre not interchangeable. Definitions The noun bathos refers to an abrupt and often ludicrous transition from the elevated to the ordinary (a form of anticlimax), or to an excessively sentimental demonstration of pathos. The word bathos  (adjective form, bathetic) almost always has a negative connotation. The noun pathos  (adjective form, pathetic) refers to a quality in something experienced or observed that evokes sympathy and a feeling of sorrow. Examples The director had clearly decided to confront us with the gruesome detail of the massacre, but the sight of artificial dismembered limbs, human torsos dangling in  trees, and blood-stained cavalry men riding about brandishing human legs and heads,  that all clearly had the weight of polystyrene, made his intentions ridiculous.  The entire cinema burst out laughing as the film  descended into bathos. We expected the gruesome and got the bizarre instead.(John Wright, Why Is That So Funny? Limelight, 2007)The  pathos  of the  Frankenstein  legend is that the monster has some traits of humanity remaining within him.Mr. Moretti has a habit of crossing the line from pathos to bathos, but he imbues this  movie [Mia Madre] with such honest sentiment  that he can evoke a lifetime of feeling with just the shot of an empty chair.(Manohla  Dargis, New York Film Festival Walks the Tightrope Between Art and Commerce. The New York Times, September 24, 2015) Usage Notes Dont confuse bathos with pathos. Bathos, the Greek word for depth, is a descent from the sublime to the ridiculous. You commit bathos if, for example, you ruin a stately speech by ending it with some tasteless anecdote. The adjective is bathetic, like pathetic, the adjective for pathos, the Greek word for suffering. Bathos is commonly misused as the equivalent of sloppy sentimentality.(John B. Bremner, Words on Words: A Dictionary for Writers and Others Who Care About Words. Columbia University Press, 1980)Pathos is the quality of something, such as speech or music, that evokes a feeling of pity or sorrow: The mother told her tale with such pathos that tears came to the eyes of many present. Bathos is either insincere pathos or a descent from the sublime to the ridiculous: The play was rather moving in places, but the episode where the two take a shower together was pure bathos.(Adrian Room, Dictionary of Confusable Words. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000)Pathos occurs when a feeling of pity, compassion or tenderness towards a character or situation is evoked in the reader. Pathos will be usually felt towards a hero, an admired character or a victim. The group victims of a disaster will also frequently engender pathos. The undeserved or early death of a character is a subject for pathos. If we have cried over some incident in a book we have experienced pathos. Think of the death of Ophelia in Hamlet and notice how it is Gertrudes speech about a young girls death which is the means by which Shakespeare induces pathos...The writer must always strike a careful balance with such scenes if pathos is to be achieved. Even good writers can sometimes go over the top into bathos, when an incident or character that should have aroused compassion veers toward the absurd or ludicrous. Dickens in The Old Curiosity Shop clearly meant the death of Little Nell to arouse pathos and for the most part it did with his contemporary readers. Many modern readers though find the overblown descri ption almost laughable.(Colin Bulman, Creative Writing: A Guide and Glossary to Fiction Writing. Polity Press, 2007) Practice (a) The pat ending of Beauty and the Beast disregards the dark undercurrent of genuine _____ and suffering that had made the Beast so endearing.(b) Don Gibsons . . . specialty  became the tearjerkin country ballad, although many of his recordings were so drenched in self-pity that they crossed the line into pure _____.(Richard Carlin,  Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge, 2003) Scroll down for answers below: Answers to Practice Exercises: (a) The pat ending of  Beauty and the Beast  disregards the dark undercurrent of genuine  pathos  and suffering that had made the Beast so endearing.(b) Don Gibsons . . . specialty  became the tearjerkin country ballad, although many of his recordings were so drenched in self-pity that they crossed the line into pure  bathos.(Richard Carlin,  Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge, 2003)

How Did The Colonists Relationship With England Affect The...

2. How did the colonists’ relationship with England affect the development of the colonies into an independent nation? In the early years of the United States of America, colonists were trying to gain independence from the surrounding nations and had a difficult time accomplishing it. Drew Gill Kelli Nelson Early U.S. History 22 Wednesday 2014 3. What were the central debates in the formation of the new American government after the revolution? The formation of the new American government was not exactly an easy task for the colonists to accomplish. Deciding what the United States was going to look like and how it was going to perform were two of the biggest conflicts throughout the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. There were many contradicting ideas by the political parties. The Constitution was the central point of the debates between the colonists. In May of 1787, Alexander Hamilton creates the Philadelphia Convention. One person from each of the 13 states, with the exception of Rhode Island, gets sent to the convention. The colonists were scared that the laws in the Constitution would be made only by the rich and wealthy people, leaving the poorer colonists to suffer. Some of the leaders with the most influential power in the Constitution included George Washington, Ben Franklin, James Madison, and Alex ander Hamilton. America’s most famous person, George Washington willingly steps down as leader of theShow MoreRelatedSettling The Northern Colonies : Big Picture Themes1676 Words   |  7 PagesChapter #3: Settling the Northern Colonies - Big Picture Themes 1. Plymouth, MA was founded with the initial goal of allowing Pilgrims, and later Puritans, to worship independent of the Church of England. Their society, ironically, was very intolerant itself and any dissenters were pushed out of the colony. 2. 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Security Enhancement Methods For Mobile -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Security Enhancement Methods For Mobile? Answer: Introduction Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery decides to take up point-of-sale system (POS) on their premises to enhance their financial and all sorts of business activities. The report explains various beneficial aspects of point-of-sale systems in Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The organisation can face several threats and risks as they decide to take up the POS system. The report illustrates all the risks and the challenges. Recommendations made in the report will help to know how business activities should be conducted to get the best possible outcome. Advantages and disadvantages of the new POS system Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can get several beneficial aspects while taking up the POS system and they have been defined in the report- Financial Accuracy- It is quite natural for humans to make mistakes. They can make several mistakes while calculating the financial data for the organisations. The POS system can assist in calculating the data (Cui et al. 2016). The data will be error-free, the organisation can get the data in fast and effective manner. POS work on the specific algorithms and thus tends to give accurate results. Accountability- Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can keep records of the products manufactured. They can also keep records of the shipment of the products they manufacture. The POS system can assist Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery in addressing the staffs activity (Yang and Hwang 2015). The company can know the workers who are having the highest sales figures and the employees who are having the lowest sales figures. The company can take strategical steps accordingly. iii. Speed and efficiency- The POS system can help to accelerate the speed of the transaction of the products (Lee, Lee and Won 2014). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can serve customers well with the adaptation of POS system. Stock Management- The company stock can be well managed with the aid of the POS system (Laudon and Laudon 2016). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can check for the availability of stock by implementing the POS system. Reporting- The Point-of-sale system can assist Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery in developing the business reports. The business performance reports cater daily analysis and annual profit margin (Zhong et al. 2016). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can get an overall view of the business operations with the help of the POS system. The point-of-sale system comes with certain disadvantages, and those disadvantages have been illustrated below- Costing- The implementation cost of POS system is quite expensive. The small and mid-size companies can struggle to install and implement the POS system on their premises. Thus, Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery, being a mid-size company can face difficulties in installing the POS system in their premises (Yang and Hwang 2015). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery will have to pay heavy for the POS system on monthly basis and yearly basis. Maintenance- The POS system needs maintenance on a daily basis. The POS system will take the relatively high amount of time. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery will have to halt their regular business operations due to the maintenance (Zhong et al. 2016). The business operations of the organisation can get disrupted due to the POS maintenance. POS system helping the business to gain competitive advantages The point-of-sale system can identify the details of the business operations from the sales transactions made. The POS can make things easy for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The workers of the organisation will not have to make so much effort to track the sales all by manually. The POS system aids easy to store, access and process of data. The inventory can be better maintained with the help of the POS system (Missaoui et al. 2014). The products which can yield maximum revenue and profits for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can be acknowledged by the POS system. The POS system is efficient and is much better than a cash register. The POS system facilitates tracking, inputting and distribution of data. POS also facilitates decision making. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can be able to price products profitably. POS system is known to provide cost-effective service to the organisations. The managers of organisations can offer more responsibilities to their subordinates. Thus with the help of the POS system, Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery managers and the employees can gain more revenues (Cui et al. 2016). The POS system can give Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery competitive edge so that they can carry out business activities fast and efficiently. Advantages of having a centralized database The centralised database has multiple benefits to offer. The small as well as the mid-size benefits can be benefitted with the aid of the centralised database service. Data preservation contains the functionalities like the fault tolerant setup and the redundant storage. Due to any hardware failure, the data can get lost. However, data preservation techniques can help to store and preserve the important data (Kobersy et al. 2015). The data preservation offers data backup functionalities so that the hardware failure cannot disrupt the business operations. Data Preservation also offers data security. Data preservation techniques thus mitigate the chances of security breaches. Centralised database storage provides various functionalities and cost-effective services. The implementation of the centralised database storage is very expensive. The overall maintenance needs relatively less amount (Lee et al. 2014). It has an added advantage; it reduces the required space requirements. POS system facilitating decision making Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can manage inventory datas accuracy with the help of advanced decision making. Earlier Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery ordered items solely on the basis of assumptions. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery use to maintain the database the data all by manually. The whole procedure was ineffective and contain full of errors. The adaptation of POS system will change the entire scenario of the inventory data. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery implementing the POS system can get the fast and effective service. The organization can take critical decisions with the assistance of the POS system (Chavali, Yang and Nehorai 2014). They can take decisions like what to buy, how to buy, what not to buy and what to be sold. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery with the aid of POS system can get to know about the products which can give them utmost benefits. Recommending telecommunication options for this POS system Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery should choose the WAN network for the POS system. WAN is known to offer quick file access. The employees of the organisation can get access to the file much faster due to caching. Also, they will not have to reload the document as a whole (Nanda 2016). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can minimise the distance between the mobile workers, the branch offices and the headquarters with the help of WAN connection. The WAN provides the much more reliable connection. WAN connection reduces the cost of equipment. WAN also reduces the bandwidth expenses. The workers of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can stay connected with each other all the time (Chavali, Yang and Nehorai 2014). The workers can carry out cost-effective service with the help of WAN. The employees can provide cost-effective service to the customers as well. They can provide services to the customers who stay at distant places. WAN also provides security to the customers as well as th e business partners. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can get the competitive edge due to the WAN connectivity. Type of risks POS system bring and procedures to protect the business against those risks Security- The insecure network can prove to be risk and challenge for Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. The intruders seek advantage of this insecure network. The intruders attack the system and the database and make their entire system vulnerable to use (Kobersy et al. 2015). Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can ensure security by simply installing an antivirus program. The antivirus program can save the organizations system from unauthorized access. Confidentiality- Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery must take the responsibility to keep the data of the database safe and secure. They will have to notice very carefully that the data must not get breached due to the intruders attack (Natek and Zwilling 2014). The organisation must protect the data of their clients and the customers. Otherwise, their confidentiality can get endangered. The antivirus program can mitigate the issues aroused. Privacy- The privacy of the workers of the organisation can get compromised as a result of the malware attack. The hackers can attack the system and can steal the sensitive information (Missaoui et al. 2014). The antivirus program can protect someones privacy. The organisations employees and the customers must have username and password to access the database and the system, they should disclose the password, in this way they can protect their privacy. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the POS system can provide multiple benefits to Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery. POS system eases the decision making procedures. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can be benefitted with the implementation of POS system; they can get the competitive edge. The organisation can get several benefits and all those benefits aspects that they can get have been illustrated in the report. The usage of WAN wireless technology can help the organisation to carry out the business activities. The company can face several risks and challenges while adopting the POS system. The company can suffer from confidentiality, privacy and security issues. All these negative aspects have been explained in the report. Recommendations made in the report will help to know how Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can make use of the POS system effectively in the business. Recommendations Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery should ethically make use of POS system so that the employees working in the company can fulfil the business objectives. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery should install an antivirus program in the system as that can safeguard the system and the database from the malicious activities of the intruders. iii. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery should concentrate more on taking innovative approach and decision making. This approach can give them multiple benefits. Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery can get the competitive edge so that they can earn revenues more. References Chavali, P., Yang, P. and Nehorai, A., 2014. A distributed algorithm of appliance scheduling for home energy management system.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,5(1), pp.282-290. Cui, B., Jiang, J., Huang, Q., Xu, Y., Gui, Y. and Zhang, W., 2016. POS: A high-level system to simplify real-time stream application development on storm.Data Science and Engineering,1(1), pp.41-50. Kobersy, I.S., Barmuta, K.A., Muradova, S.S., Dubrova, L.I. and Shkurkin, D., 2015. The system of the methodological principles of management of enterprise development.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3 S4), p.25. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Lee, H., Ahn, H., Choi, S. and Choi, W., 2014. The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification.Journal of medical systems,38(1), p.1. Lee, H.J., Lee, Y. and Won, D., 2014. Protection Profile for PoS (Point of Sale) System. InMobile, Ubiquitous, and Intelligent Computing(pp. 495-500). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Missaoui, R., Joumaa, H., Ploix, S. and Bacha, S., 2014. Managing energy smart homes according to energy prices: Analysis of a building energy management system.Energy and Buildings,71, pp.155-167. Nanda, V., 2016.Quality management system handbook for product development companies. CRC Press. Natek, S. and Zwilling, M., 2014. Student data mining solutionknowledge management system related to higher education institutions.Expert systems with applications,41(14), pp.6400-6407. Olivares, D.E., Lara, J.D., Caizares, C.A. and Kazerani, M., 2015. Stochastic-predictive energy management system for isolated microgrids.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,6(6), pp.2681-2693. Yang, D. and Hwang, I., 2015, May. Security enhancement methods for mobile POS system. InMobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft), 2015 2nd ACM International Conference on(pp. 152-153). IEEE. Zhong, M., Cao, Q., Guo, J. and Zhou, D., 2016. Simultaneous Lever-Arm Compensation and Disturbance Attenuation of POS for a UAV Surveying System.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,65(12), pp.2828-2839.

The Emirates Airline Company

Introduction Managing change in an organization is crucial in ensuring that a firm remains stable and competitive in any industry. Organizational change involves changing structures within the organization that consequently enables any firm to remain effective and efficient to all stakeholders, including employees, customers, management team and the immediate environment in which the firm operates.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Emirates Airline Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, while introducing changes in an organization, the management needs to be very keen to ensure that change is accepted and embraced by all stakeholders otherwise it might prove ineffective if most stakeholders respond negatively. Sometimes, it becomes important to manage change through various means such as communicating to the employees on how it is vital to the wellbeing of individual employees and long term organiza tional goals and objectives. In this regard, the Emirates Airline Company will continue to analyze the best leadership style and practices in the industry with an aim of establishing leadership approach that would successfully help the company in achieving its medium and long-term goals. The firm will also carry out thorough research at the industry level as well as at the Emirates Airline Company in a bid to identify the effects of change. This will greatly help in identifying whether changes initiated in the past have positive or negative outcomes. As a result, Emirates Airline Company would be in a position to establish the changes that would largely help its performance (Doganis 33). Problems encountered at Emirates Airline Company and their remedies A number of problems are encountered at the Emirates Airline Company that threatens its competitiveness in the airline industry. The problems are both external and internal. The company has little influence on problems emanating fro m external environment whilst it has full control over the internal environment. In particular, the Emirates Airline Company associates its main internal problem with employees’ poor performance that leads to general poor performance of the company. The employees’ poor performance is attributable to several aspects including lack of contentment, low level of loyalty as well as ineffective leadership style practiced at the company. Previous researches indicate that lower levels of loyalty have negatively affected the airline industry. Employees with high level of loyalty normally yield better performance while those with lower levels of loyalty tend to have poor performance. In this respect, it is clear that deteriorating level of loyalty at the Emirates Airline Company has progressively led to low level of performance at the operational level. This can be described by the fact that the management has failed to continue focusing on the needs and welfare of the workforce . This would mainly aid in motivating employees since they feel they are part of the organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, there is lack of contentment, which is partly attributed to unattractive salary and meager accommodation facilities. The researches furthermore indicate that ineffective leadership approach continue to accelerate poor levels of performance at the operational level due to ineffectual leadership style, which enhance motivational levels across the organization. The ineffectual leadership approach is attributable to ineffective management team that is specifically concerned with running the organization. The solutions for the above problems encountered at the Emirates Airlines Company can be solved in diverse ways. The vital approaches that are highly recommended are availing good accommodation to employees of all levels, providing empl oyees with a handsome package for their services as well as providing other benefits such as provision of insurance cover, medical allowances and other benefits. The third remedy to the low-level performance involves coming up with effective and efficient leadership approaches through hiring of managers that have leadership qualities. This would enable transformation of the whole organization into new heights of success (Emirate 22). Problems encountered Remedies for the problem The recommendations provided in management part A will assist in improving both management and operational performance through provision of vital information that will enable the firm in making imperative decisions concerning the running of the firm. It will also enable the firm to influence behavior and conduct of employees in a positive way. This will in particular emanate from high level of leadership quality, which helps in motivating employees as well as encouraging them to continue working hard to atta in their individual objectives pertaining to job position they hold in the organization such as achieving promotions upon attaining certain levels of performance (The Emirates Group 1). Identifying effect of organizational change Identification of the effect attributed to organizational change would be initiated by thorough investigation of diverse changes that have been adopted by various companies at the airline industry. It would also be fundamental to examine the effects of various changes that have currently been introduced in the organization, as well as the past ones since they provide a benchmark on which organizational changes can be measured against. Through comparison of various organizational changes, an individual or the organization stand a good chance of picking the best organizational change that has high chances of resulting to levels of positive output. The kind of organizational change a firm constantly comes up with always depends on the problems confronted by t he firm, as well as the needs and requirements that the firm desires to achieve (Hiatt and Creasey 37).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Emirates Airline Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Diagnosing the organizational leadership style The kind of leadership approach embraced by any firm towards influencing the behavior of individuals in the organization has an effect to the organizational level of performance. The Emirates Airline Company will have to analyze the type of leadership approach currently practiced in the firm. It will also be vital to analyze the past leadership approach adopted by the company in running its activities. Furthermore, it would be crucial to understand leadership style practiced by other firms in the airline industry since they provide a benchmark on the best leadership style to be identified and thus implemented in the organization. This would enable an organization to rem ain competitive in the contemporary turbulent business environment. However, in order to come up with the best leadership style, a firm needs to understand the resources it has as well as consider the culture of both the employees and customers. Having an in-depth knowledge about the internal and external publics allows the management to lead and direct the firm in the most effective way. It is said that the performance of a firm majorly relies on the effectiveness of the employees. Therefore, possessing the right skills in influencing the employees towards achieving the predetermined objectives and goals of company would improve its performance level (Porter 223). Benefits associated with the best leadership approach and effective organizational change The Emirates Airline Company would benefit from having the most effective leadership style, as well as adopting effective organizational change that have high chances of improving the performance of the firm. In particular, effectua l leadership approach will help the firm understand both employees and customers and effectively come up with techniques that would assist in influencing their behavior in the most desirable manner thus improving the level of performance.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, Emirates Airline Company would motivate employees by promising promotion after attaining a certain level of performance. Alternatively, the firm might promise a certain increase in the level of salary after achieving a given predetermined target. Some companies find it necessary to let employees feel part of the organization by frequently listening to their problems and needs and accordingly responding to their problems on time. Through constant encouragement and motivation of employees, the company would be able to increase its efficiency at all levels of operations. According to Hiatt and Creasey, adopting organizational change, which have positive effects as compared to negative effects would assist the organization attain high level of performance (23). Required resources Personnel Primarily, the research would require a skilled person who would efficiently carry out the research in relation to effects associated to organizational change as well as carry out a thor ough analysis on different leadership styles used by different companies in the airline industry. Analysts are as well required to compare the different leadership styles and choose one that would match with the organizational structure in addition to providing efficiency and effectiveness (Porter 152). Adequate capital Hiring of new managers would require sufficient capital. In addition, the firm would have to restructure its systems in order to allow the new organizational change to fit into organizational activities. Furthermore, the new leadership approach would as well call for new systems and organizational structure. All this will require implementation, which would greatly be aided by adequate capital resources (Porter 208). Implementers Those who would be responsible for planning will include human resource manager who will assist in hiring and recruiting new management team that will largely initiate changes in the organization. However, an external company that is respons ible for selecting and recruiting personnel in different fields will assist the human resource manager in choosing the most effectual managers that are endowed with excellent leadership qualities. With availability of effective managers, the company will be able to hire best personnel, who will carry out research regarding the effect of organizational change (Hiatt and Creasey 41). Steps of implementation process Activity Time/Duration (2012) Amassing adequate capital to facilitate the implementation process US dollars30,000 1stJan-1stFeb hiring of research personnel 2ndFeb-15thFeb carrying out research on organizational change and its effect 16thFeb-30thMarch analyzing on the different leadership styles practiced in the airline industry 1stApril-30thApril selection and execution of an organization change that result to more positive effect, selection of the best leadership style 1stMay-10thMay Hiring new management team to execute the leadership style selected 11thMa y-20thMay Barriers to implementation Conflict between managers at different levels concerning the amount of capital to be spent as well as time span to be utilized during implementation Lack of adequate resources and ineffective personnel who will be relied upon in carrying out the research Lack of sufficient support from employees while implementing the plan (Porter 112) Key performance indicators The achievement of the plan being implemented would be progressively measured against a number of predetermined standards. The organizational change to be adopted should reduce employee’s turnover by 20% in the first one month. The leadership style put in place should yield a profit margin of 5% in the first one month. Conclusion The proposed recommendations would help the organization in achieving its medium and long-term goals. Having an effective organizational change at hand, the firm stands a chance to reduce negative effects emanating from ineffective organizational chan ge whist maximizing on the positive effects, which eventually lead to optimal benefits. Having effectual leadership style in place would optimally help employees increasing their efficiency through encouragement and motivation, leading to high levels of output. Therefore, having the best organizational structure and valuable leadership approach would help the firm achieve its predetermined goals and objectives. Works Cited Doganis, Rigas. Flying off course: The economics of international airlines, New York: Routledge, 2003. Print. Emirate Airlines. Arab Emirates Airline, 2010. Web. Hiatt, Jeff and Creasey, Timothy. Change management: the people side of change. Madison: Prosci Learning Center, 2003. Print. The Emirates Group. Our Vision Values, 2011. Web. Porter, Michael. The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 2008. Print. This report on The Emirates Airline Company was written and submitted by user Elliott Tran to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How systematic were Peter the Greats plans for meeting Russias needs and how effectively did he carry them out essays

How systematic were Peter the Greats plans for meeting Russias needs and how effectively did he carry them out essays When Peter inherited the throne in Russia in 1689, he was dismayed by its backwardness. His vision was to Westernise it. To answer the essay question, I first need to identify the needs of Russia. These were to improve the economy of Russia, to harness the support of the nobility, improve defence and administration, enhance diplomatic ties with the West, to secure ice free ports, and to improve education. Peter found answers to many of his problems in Russia by transplanting ideas from the West. When he said after his humiliation at Narva that Russia would learn from the Swedes how eventually to defeat them, he was expressing his underlying attitude to change. In 1697-1699, he went on a Grand Tour of England and Holland called the "Embassy to the West". This was for diplomatic and technological reasons - to harness support of the West against the Turks and bring back skilled workers to Russia. After visiting Versailles in 1717, Peter began to upgrade the courtly image, employing a variety of foreign artists and architects. However, his main emphasis was still practical, as shown by the fact that the most important building housed the Senate and Colleges, not court. Peter promoted direct contact with French, Dutch, German, and English cultures and removed his court from the conservative atmosphere of the Kremlin and established a new capital at St. Petersburg. Peter's vision was on a far grander scale than Louis XIV's however, as it can be said "the problem of Paris was solved by Versailles, that of the Kremlin by St Petersburg". Peter was also open to the influence of western advisers in trying to promote commercial enterprise to build up a class of entrepreneurs. He was also determined to introduce new fashions, based largely on those in the West. Beards and traditional Russian clothes were either banned or heavily taxed. Under Western influence, Peter introduced a number of humanitarian measures - Moscow's first pharmacies and ho...

Force of friction experiment Essays

Force of friction experiment Essays Force of friction experiment Paper Force of friction experiment Paper Limiting static friction Friction always opposes motion. It increases with the applied force. However, it cannot increase indefinitely. When a body is in contact with a rough surface, friction arises at the contact surface if the body is subjected to an applied force. When the applied force exceeds the limiting static friction , the body will start to slip over the rough surface. And the value of is roughly proportional to the normal reaction R. where is the coefficient of static friction at the contact surface. Kinetic friction Generally, the friction acting on a resting block is less than until the block starts to move. Once the body starts to move over the rough surface, the friction would decrease slightly to a value known as kinetic friction . So is slightly less than but it is still approximately proportional to R. where is the coefficient of kinetic friction at the contact surface. remains constant even the applied force is increased further. is slightly less than . 3. Procedure A. Effect of applied force on friction 1. The set up is connected as shown below. 2. Slowly push the wooden plank (together with the trolley underneath) away from the spring balance. Note the increase in the spring balances reading which indicates the static friction . : When the block starts to slide, quickly read the spring balance. This maximum value is the limiting static friction. Keep pushing the wooden plank to maintain a steady sliding, and note again the spring balances reading which now indicates the kinetic friction . 3. Repeat the measurement of and few more times to get the average values. B. Coefficients of friction for various materials 4. Add 1 block (totally 2 blocks) onto the original one. Repeat step 2. 5. Add 1 more block (totally 3 blocks). Repeat step 2. 6. Replace the wooden plate with the plastic plate and brick respectively. Use the same face of the wooden block. Repeat step 2 to 5. C. Effect of surface area on friction 7. Place the wooden blocks onto the wooden plank side by side instead of piling up. Then connect them to the spring balance and move the trolley until they slide. Note the readings. 8. Repeat step 7 with 3 blocks. 4Normal reaction R / N 3. 73 3. 73 5. 59 5. 59 5. Errors and Accuracy The error of measurement of mass of blocks is . The error in taking reading of spring balance is . The error in adjusting the position of the scale of the balance is also . Hence the total error in measuring the force is . 6. Discussion Assumptions 1. The elastic strings have no mass. 2. Acceleration due to gravity (g) is taken as 9. 81 ms-2. Actually it varies in different position on Earth. 3. The block and the plank slide horizontally. Random and Systematic Errors Systematic errors include measuring mass of blocks (due to inaccuracy of the electronic balance) and the force (due to inaccuracy of the spring balance). Suggestions for Improvements 1. Since the elastic strings actually have mass. We can improve the accuracy by two ways: (a) Count one half of the mass of the strings into the total reaction force (the another half is supported by the balance, not the blocks). (b) Use blocks with greater mass (e. g.lead blocks). The effect of mass of strings become practically negligible. 2. Determine the actual value of acceleration due to gravity (g). Abnormal Behavior The degree of roughness throughout the brick surface was not constant. It was very difficult to keep the force constant. Comparison of Experimental with Expected Result A. Effect of applied force on friction Static friction increased with applied force. It remained stationary relative to the wooden plank. Until limiting static friction () was reached, the block began to slide and the reading (representing ) remained basically constant. Experimental value of is much smaller than . Theoretically, should be only slightly smaller than. This may be to error. If heavier blocks are used, the difference between and might be smaller. B. Coefficients of friction for various materials Coefficients (both and ): plastic plate wooden plank brick. By common sense, brick is the roughest and plastic is the smoothest. The experimental results prove our assertion. Also, experimental value of is much smaller than . Refer to the above explanation. All graphs are straight lines passing through the origin. This result tell us both limiting static friction and kinetic friction are directly proportional to the reaction force. * The coefficient of static friction of brick is 1. 2, greater than 1. This was because the brick surface was too rough that it was actually not a flat surface. Additional force is required to move the block up and down. The motion was not sliding at all. Therefore the theory of 01 does not hold in this case. C. Effect of surface area on friction Theoretically, friction is independent of contacting area. The result should be the same when the blocks are arranged side by side and piled up. However experimental results show that friction when side by side is slightly greater than that when piled up. This may be due to varying degree of roughness throughout the contacting surface. Increase of contacting area increases chance of experiencing more uneven roughness. This will result in greater fluctuation of frictional force and thus greater experimental error. 7. Answers to Worksheet Questions Q. 16 What is/are the advantage(s) of pulling the wooden plank, instead of pulling the wooden block with the spring balance, in the measurement of and ? Discuss the physical meaning of the spring balances reading in each case. A. 16 It make sure the blocks are experiencing constant applied force. If they were pulled by the spring balance directly, it was difficult to keep the force constant. Then the change in force will be used to accelerate to blocks, instead of just balancing the frictional force. Also, we can ensure the applied force is horizontal by fixing the spring balance on a horizontal platform. If we pull the spring balance directly, the force may not be always horizontal and the useful horizontal component of the force will be smaller than the balances reading. When pulling the plank, the spring balances reading represents the frictional force. When pulling the blocks directly, the reading represents the applied force, which may not be equal (in magnitude) to the friction. Q. 17 In pushing a car (with the engine detached from the wheels), explain briefly why it is more difficult to start the motion, but once the car is moving, it is relatively easier to maintain its motion. A. 17 Limiting static friction is greater than kinetic friction. Especially for a car with mass generally over 1000 kg, the reaction force is very large. So the difference of magnitude between these two types of friction is very significant for a human. Q. 18 In the design of the braking system in bicycles, what parameter(s) should be maximized to achieve a larger frictional force? A. 18 The reaction force exerted on the braking pads and the coefficient of kinetic friction should be maximized. 8. Conclusion This experiment was quite successful. It demonstrated that friction is directly proportional to normal reaction but independent of contacting area. Also, coefficients of static and kinetic friction can be compared.

Revelation by Flannery O'Connor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revelation by Flannery O'Connor - Essay Example Additionally, the Christian nature of Mrs. Turpin expects her to be a caring people, but real Mrs. Turpin is someone who cares only for herself. To this extent, she is expected to show some concern to Mary Grace due to her health condition. On the contrary, the real Mrs. Turpin shows a high degree of inconsistency with her Christian faith. This is well illustrated when she asks Mary what she thought she was. Moreover, through Mary, Mrs. Turpin is reflected a naturally self-absorbed person. Instead of showing some concern on the health condition of the girl, Mrs. Turpin only recognizes the attitude and actions of Mary Grace towards her. The first turning point is when Mary Grace challenges Mrs. Turpin’s ability to communicate with God or God’s message and asks her to go to hell. At this point, Mrs. Turpin shouts the name of Jesus; Mary’s eyes got violent. As the conversation continued, Mary Grace began to lose patience with Mrs. Turpin and her mother. She suddenly slams her book shut and looked at Mrs. Turpin violently. Mary Grace’s eye is compared to an unnatural light that is lights night road signs. The comparison of road signs in the night is a reflection the ability of Mary Grace to send some guiding revelation message to Mrs. Turpin. At this time, Mrs. Turpin how it is useless to help people like the white trash woman. Her mind ransacks of this issue, Mary’s eyes are still glued at her, and they reflected some agency of some actions lingering in her mind. Immediately, Mary’s eyes stopped rolling and focused on Mrs. Turpin. They were now much brighter than before. Mary Grace’s eyes are just compared with a tightly closed door that has opened to admit air and light. Nonetheless, the openness described in Mary Grace’s eyes allows Mrs. Turpin to realize that there was a need for relation. This encounter and Mary’s action and reaction to Mrs. Turpin are a turning point in Mrs. Turpin’s life since it goes

Effect on Demand for Coke as a Result of a fall in the Price of Pepsi Essay

Effect on Demand for Coke as a Result of a fall in the Price of Pepsi - Essay Example There is a vice versa effect on the demand for the good whereby the demand decreases as a result of an increase in the price of the good. There are certain factors that affect the demand for a good or a service. There is the effect on the demand for the good and services as a result of the level of income of the consumer. The consumer can demand more goods with a given level of income when the prices of the goods fall. With the same level of income, the consumer demands fewer goods and services if the price of the goods is increased (Hildenbrand, 2014). There is also the effect of demand for goods and services due to the substitution of the goods. The demand for a good and service falls if the price of the substitute good falls since the consumers turn to the cheaper one. The consumers aim at saving and hence prefer the cheaper goods than the expensive substitutes hence affecting the demand for the two goods both negatively and positively. Consumers use different goods to satisfy the ir needs. There are particular goods that can be used to satisfy the same need of a consumer regardless being of different forms. There is usually a rise in the level of demand of one good if the price of the other good rises and the other one falls. An example of such goods is the Coke and the Pepsi product in the market (Hildenbrand, 2014). These products satisfy the same need of the consumers since they are all soft drinks and they can all be used to quench thirst. This serving of the same purpose by the coke and the Pepsi where the coke can be used instead of Pepsi and Pepsi can be used instead of coke to satisfy the same need makes them perfect substitutes. The coke and the Pepsi products being perfect substitutes can have their demands affected differently by changes in their prices. A change of the price of one good would affect the demand for the other good.  

Materialistic Americans Essay Example for Free

Materialistic Americans Essay â€Å"With these words I can sell you anything† by William Lutz and â€Å"At sale at Old Navy: Cool Clothes for Identical Zombies! † by Damien Cave the readings explain how Americans are fooled into purchasing so many unnecessary things that most of the time don’t do what they promise when advertised as well as how the buyers themselves are blinded and don’t realized that they are wasting money, all because of the value of their pride and their need to be better than everyone else yet they are doing the same things as millions of other Americans. Although it seems correct that most people should be materialistic, it’s not a good thing because this form of living is damaging American’s values in many ways and advertisements are just making it worst. In Cave’s excerpt he explains how most Americans have become so materialistic now and that it’s becoming a big issue. In one part Cave says, â€Å"Consumers are being scammed, says Klein, arguing that stores like Old Nave and Ikea are duping millions, inspiring mass conformity while pretending to deliver high culture to the masses† (109). This explains how Americans are so gullible when it comes to buying products because most of the time they don’t really look into what they are buying they just want to own what everyone else has because that makes them â€Å"fit† it into this materialistic society because it’s all about hierarchy and who’s on top of everyone else. â€Å"Klein and Frank say that few consumers recognize just how conformist their consumption habits have become† (Cave 109). Some people do realize that they do over spend but they still don’t do anything about it because they always want more. There are many adults that think that buying so many things for themselves and their families is good because people always want to have the best things that are out there for their loved ones without realizing that they’re just giving money away to things they don’t really need. â€Å"At virtually every opening of Old Navy’s and Ikea’s stores-in the New York, Chicago, and San Francisco areas, for example- tens of thousand of people appeared in the first few days. Even now, long after the stores first opened, lines remain long† (Cave 110). Americans value so much their pride to be over achievers and be better than everyone else they come across but yet they aren’t much different from other people because they spend as much as every other person who might not have that much money because everyone’s values are similar. In Lutz’s excerpt he explains how Advertisements usually don’t promise what they offer and take people for fools but yet people keep buying more. He states, The biggest weasel word used in advertising doublespeak is ‘help’† (114). He explains how people are manipulated into buying products all the time that will help them with a desire objective and they are influenced by the advertisements. The things that people wear, drink, eat, etc are all influenced by something or someone, how else did they ever hear or see about those products. Advertisements are everywhere, people that see all these advertisements of products think those products apply to them because they know everyone else that will see them will want them too and they don’t to feel left out in not being part of the revolution of that product. Lutz also says, â€Å"Whenever advertisers want you to stop thinking about the product and to start thinking about something bigger, better, or more attractive than the product, they use that very popular weasel word, ‘like’† (119). American’s values are on risk when it comes to advertisements because people want their families to be well and grow a certain way, but that can’t happen when their television and billboards selling things that are out of the comfort of some people. Only by becoming an active, critical consumer of the double speak of advertising will you ver be able to cut through the doublespeak and discover what the ad is really saying† (Lutz 120). Americans value so much their pride and the liberty to do whatever they want that they think buying so much stuff applies to them. Americans also value their Independence in this country but it’s also being ruined by advertisements because how can people be independent when they are buying the same things as everyone else and are being exploited all at the same time? If people keep getting sucked into buying every little thing they see hey will doing the opposite of what they believe in, they will just be shaming who they are as Americans. Americans need to realize that buying everything that is advertised isn’t doing them any good. they will lose so much money on things they don’t really need and all for what? to be better than everyone else? People have forgotten about being independent and doing their own thing when it comes to having a different lifestyle from others. How can they take pride in themselves when they are just alike to everyone else and that’s what the readings explain, to not be gullible when it comes to this topic

Creating Suspense in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart Essay

Creating Suspense in Edgar Allen Poe's The Tell-Tale Heart In the gothic genre there are numerous techniques the author can use to add interest and suspense to a story, such as the choice of words, the time of day and pathetic fallacy, to name but a few. In the Tell Tale- Heart Poe uses psychosis, detail, and appeal to the reader to keep us on the edge of our seats. These are just some examples of what makes the story so thrilling. The story is written in the first person in the style of a confession, an example of this would be when the narrator says, ‘I foamed- I raved- I swore.’ During the story the narrator is telling us of the terrible deed he has done, in the style of a confession. The reader feels that they are being allowed to find out something, but only they are being told, they feel that the story is exclusive to them. This creates a lot of tension throughout the play because the reader is feeling things that the narrator feels and is trying to fathom out what his next move will be. The very first word in the story creates a lot of the atmosphere because it is in capital letters and has an exclamation mark after it. This instantaneously awakens the reader and captures their interest. The word itself, ‘true,’ is also important because the narrator is replying to a question that the reader has supposedly asked before the story has even begun. This simple technique makes the reader want to read on, if only to find out what the question was. One of the first things the narrator says is ‘but why will you say I’m mad?’ It is an accusation that the reader is condemning him as mad. Of course Poe then goes on to prove that the narrator is mad through his feigned innocence: the more the narrato... ...ell- Tale Heart’ as well. The narrator believes that he can hear anything, and takes pride in this, almost as though it was a gift. However this ‘gift’ proves to be a major downfall, when the narrator starts hearing the old mans heart beating. It drives the narrator even more insane to the point where he confesses the murder to the police. In conclusion it appears that Poe uses many gothic styles throughout the story to increase tension. He uses punctuation, repetition, psychosis and imagery. This makes a very effect gothic story, and keeps the reader tense throughout. This is effective because as the pace of the story changes the reader feels differently towards characters. In fact not only does the pace of the story change but so does the actual nature of the narrator. He becomes unpredictable and irrational, creating a greater tension for the reader.

Does Delegation Help or Hurt Nursing?

The first nursing school was established in India in about 250 B.C., and only men were permitted to attend because men were viewed to be more pure than women. If you think of a woman dressed in scrubs with a stethoscope around her neck and a clipboard in her hands, you aren’t alone. An overwhelming majority of nurses in the United States today are women. However, nursing began as a practice reserved for men. It wasn’t until the 1800's that nursing became an organized practice.During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale and 38 volunteer nurses were sent to the main British camp in Turkey. Nightingale and her staff immediately began to clean the hospital and equipment and reorganized patient care. Nightingale pushed for reform of hospital sanitation methods and invented methods of graphing statistical data. When she returned to Britain, Nightingale aided in the establishment of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. As a woman, Nightingale could not be appointed to the Royal Commission, but she composed the Commission’s report. (Travel Nurses of America, 2010) Completed, the report was over 1,000 pages in length and included detailed statistical information.Nightingale’s work led to drastic changes in army medical care, the establishment of an Army Medical School and medical records, and ignited the growth of nursing as an organized profession. For these contributions, Nightingale is widely accepted as the founder of nursing. Ironically, nursing has been taken on as a feminine profession, although as aforementioned, that was not its intention. Nursing are an extremely vital component of health care settings. According to the World Health Organization, nursing is defined as such: â€Å"Nursing encompasses autonomous  and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. It includes the promotion of health, the prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabl ed and dying people.† (WHO, 2011)Keeping that definition in mind, nurses ensure that patients are being taken care of properly and efficiently. It is obvious that one nurse alone cannot do all the work that a health setting requires. This is where the idea of delegation comes into play. One of the vitals skill required by the Registered Nurse is the skill to assign tasks to subordinates (Saccomanos and Pinto-Zipp, 2011). When tasks are delegated to subordinates, the RN remains accountable (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008). This concept of work delegation has positive and negative effects.On one hand, it helps the RN (Registered Nurse) do more work in a shorter period of time, yet the downfall is that if the subordinate makes any mistakes, the results could be fatal and would still rest solely on the hands of the RN. Hence, delegation involves â€Å"responsibility, accountability and authority† (Sullivan &ump; Decker 2005, p. 144). This research paper will analyze the role of a RN in relation to delegation.Chapter Two: Nursing and Delegation- Who Does What? This essay will examine the role of the registered nurse in relation to delegation. Areas that will be examined include definitions of delegation, benefits of distributing workloads, management in relation to delegation, nursing process and procedures when delegating, common mishaps of delegation, five rights of delegation, and barriers nurses must break through when to delegating. In conclusion, this paper will hopefully convey the importance of an RN, delegation, and how this effects the quality of care patients receive.Delegation can be a useful tool that cuts costs, or a costly disaster waiting to happen From a management prospective, delegation is the idea of assigning tasks to other employees that a manager is currently undertaking. While delegation can be extremely helpful for speed, the question of efficiency and accuracy come into play. Delegation is seen as a daily routine in clinic al settings which can be traced back even to the Bible. Moses delegated to his Father-in-Law Jethro, asking why would everyone sit around and have you work alone? But what does delegation mean to Nursing? Delegation, as defined by the American Nurses Association, is  the ability to handover responsibility for the performance of a duty from one person to another while being held accountable for the outcome. (ANA, 2005)While effective, delegating another person in a health setting has its risks. Supervision is an essential tool in delegation because it involves direction, evaluation and follow up which must be provided by the RN to those she/he is delegating the task to (Finkelman 2006). However, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (1995) also defines delegation as giving authorization to a capable individual to execute a particular nursing task in a particular situation. According to Lookinland, author of Team Nursing, the Registered Nurse was solely responsible for the care of the patients but due to staff shortage, budgetary constraints and high rate of sicker patients, the need to delegate duties to other Non-Registered personnel arose.(Team Nursing, 2005)Delegation provides a lot of benefits for both the organization and the staff. Cost effectiveness and time savings have been identified as the benefits of delegation as these helps the organization to utilize resources and staff in an appropriate manner (Finkelman 2006). Consequently, Pearce (2006) suggested that delegating repetitive tasks could lead to RN’s time being used efficiently for other tasks. Moreover, when tasks are assigned to others, it leads to the tasks being done in an efficient manner and an increase in productivity (Finkelman 2006).In the same light, Potter et al. (2010) stated with delegating duties to other staff, professional growth can occur as these staff have the opportunity of learning new skills, and having enough time in engaging in other activities. When del egation is used in an effective way, it builds up teams and improves quality care (Finkelman 2006). Chapter Three: Nursing and Delegation- Management Theory.Delegation can be direct (such as verbal instructions e.g. assisting patients with activities of daily living) and indirect which involves activities carried out based on hospital policies (Masters 2009). Nursing management, when referring to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, is a useful organizational framework that can be applied to the various nursing models for assessment of a patient’s strengths, limitations, and need for nursing interventions. (Smeltzer SC, Bare BG, 2004) It is noteworthy to state that in relation to delegation, the registered nurse who delegates task retains accountability and responsibility for such task (ANA 2005).Due to the risks and various factors in a health setting, it is important that a RN keeps in mind that when delegating task to any individual, the task should be well understood and t hat the individual carrying out the task should be knowledgeable, trained and competent enough to carry out the task being delegated (Masters 2009). Accordingly, and when good management is implemented among the nursing staff, when authority is passed from the RN to the delegate during delegation, it is appropriate to inform other members of the organization as they need to be aware of which task has been allocated and to who. It is also imperative for the employee to have access to resources as well as for the RN to allow the employee to take control of the task (Finkelman 2006).Also, in the textbook, Fundamentals of Nursing, Patricia Potter stated that when delegating task, the RN must ensure adequate two way communication. Communication should be clear, brief and complete as effective communication is a key element of delegation (Potter et al. 2010). As a result, good communication allows the unlicensed personnel to ask question and seek clarifications where necessary. The RN sho uld ensure that the unlicensed personnel understands what the delegated task entails and that he/she readily accepts the delegation as well as the responsibility that goes with (Finkelman 2006). Therefore, where the RN feels that when delegating task to unlicensed personnel may be unsafe, or that the person lacks competency or if she/he feels they may not be available to supervise such task, she/he has the right to inform the manager and refuse to delegate the task to any person they deem unfit. (NMC 2008)Furthermore, as indicated by the NMC (2008), no one should be under any form of pressure to either delegate or agree to do a delegated task. Many times nurses have strengths and weaknesses in their profession. It is important to understand or recognize a nurse who is uncomfortable with a task or struggling. Management should also make it clear that staff should communicate to management if they need assistance.Chapter Four: How is Nursing Organized? How is delegation run? In nursin g, there are several categories that an RN can fall into. There are matron nurses, director of nursing, nurse managers and charge nurses. The matron nurse is the head senior nurse and in charge of delegation and subordinate  tasks. If tasks and duties fail to be met, they are held accountable. The director of nursing is also a senior nurse, but tend to report to the CEO of the hospital. They oversee all tasks done by the matron, registered nurses and nurse managers. They are responsible for producing data and ensuring standards are being met.Nurse Managers are responsible for a nursing unit and typically report to the matron. They are given a unit of nurses and delegate tasks and patients to them. And then there is a charge nurse who is the frontline of management for the nurses on a shift. The charge nurse oversees all the RNs. Registered nurses are extremely important in terms of delegation. Registered nurses are above certified nurse’s assistants and licensed nurse pract itioners. It is crucial that an RN supervises and gives feedback on tasks that are performed because this creates an avenue for the subordinate to know where or what went wrong and how it could be improved upon to deliver quality health care. (Pearce 2006)In delegating tasks to an unlicensed personnel, the RN decisions should be based on the delegation process (that is assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation) which will help in reducing the risk associated with delegation (Newmann 2010). The assessment stage looks at if the delegated task is suitable for the delegate. The planning stage involves determining the competence of the individual to carry out the task and ensuring safety measures, implementation deals with the RN observations through supervision and evaluation gives a breakdown of the completion of the task (Neumann 2010). This process as indicated by Neumann (2010) is done to protect the nurse and employers against any legal issues that may arise as well as fo r the safety of the patients.Chapter Five: Nursing Delegation to Unlicensed Persons. Delegated duties to unlicensed personnel must be within their scope of practice for which that person has the training and not tasks that may require having a certificate or license (Zimmerman 2001). Tasks which may be delegated to unlicensed personnel’s include tasks like activities of daily living, taking vital signs, errands and clerical duties (Zimmerman 2001). Other tasks which Zimmerman mentioned should not delegate by the RN to unlicensed personnel include duties such as nursing skills that involve invasive procedures, expert knowledge and professional decisions relating to  patients care.If the RN delegates tasks inappropriately, it could lead to the loss of her/his registration license and issues of liability may need to arise (Finkelman 2006). Before an RN delegates a task to individual or unlicensed personnel, care must be taken into consideration in relation to assessing proper training and level of competency of the individual regardless of how easy the delegated task may appear to be (NCSBN 2005). Unfortunately, the results of a failed task or malpractice do rest on the RN. It is important to delegate to knowledgeable individuals who understand their task fully.Chapter Six: Procedure, Policies, and Error. There are certain errors and mistakes that occur during delegation. The most reported errors include over delegation, under delegation and improper delegation (Feldman et al. 2008). Over delegation arises when time management skills are not properly developed in an individual or where one is not too sure about their own capability to carry out a task (Feldman et al. 2008). Under delegation as stated by Feldman (2008) happens when the RN has no confidence in the subordinate to perform the task which is to be delegated while improper delegation means delegating task outside an individual’s expertise.In order to avoid such common mistakes and being a professional, when delegating task, the RN must be familiar with the five rights of delegation which the NCBSN (1995) identified as right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction and communication, right supervision and evaluation. The right task has to do with deciding if a task should be delegated for a specific patient. The right circumstances looks at the client’s environment, client’s conditions and available resources. The right person takes into account the right individual delegating the right task to the right person to carry out the task on the right patient.The right direction or communication focuses on communication being clear and having a concise description of the task explained including all expectation for having the tasks accomplished. The right supervision deals with monitoring the task, implementation, evaluating task and also providing feedback in relation to the task (ANA 2005). These rights as noted by the NCBSN (2005) assists t he RN to determine a suitable and appropriate method to use during delegation. Delegation is seen as a process which the RN has  to be properly equipped and well educated in (Finkelman 2006). However, delegation can become problematic in relation to shortage of staff, having to do obnoxious task and the inexperience of the subordinates (Curtis and Nicholl 2004).Chapter Seven: Impact on Administration. Administration will then face a barrier such as lack of trust in the subordinates which leads to the attitude of â€Å"doing it all by myself† (Feldman 2008). This can affect effective delegation because when leaders lack trust in their subordinate’s capabilities, they are likely to make mistakes (Feldman, 2008). Similarly, some RNs may feel they are perfectionist and as a result are unlikely to delegate because of the fear of having to deal with any negative outcomes by the subordinates (Curtis and Nicholl 2004). This causes hostility within administration. It is very expensive to have head nurses on the floor, yet if they won’t delegate workload, they must be there.This causes cost to go up, speed to go down, and employee trust to diminish. In relating this to clinical practice, some nurses may not be willing to delegate tasks to student nurses for fear of being held accountable for any mistakes. As stated by the NMC, the RN who decides to delegate is held accountable for such delegation. It causes a lack of trust on the floor from one employee to another. Another barrier as identified by Curtis and Nicholl (2004) occurs when there is shortage of staff or having inexperienced staff members. This leads to staff being overburdened with work load. As suggested by Curtis and Nicholl (2004), when there is shortage of staff, it is imperative for the work load to be lessened until there is an improvement in the availability of staff.Chapter Eight: Impact on Management. Many nurses may feel that tasks that are beneath them can be constituted as a barrier in delegation. As indicated by Feldman (2006) when managers discriminate by delegating tasks which may be unpleasant or boring to certain subordinates and keep the better or interesting tasks for certain people, it leads to subordinates refusal to perform such tasks. For this reason, it is essential to assign task which are interesting and task should be assigned equally and fairly to all individuals concerned taking into account their skills and ability (Kourdi 1999).This impacts management negatively. It causes the head nurses to get away with picking and choosing their tasks while the employees beneath them become frustrated and annoyed. Tasks must be divided up fairly, not just because the head nurse does not want to do them.Conclusion: In conclusion, delegation as discussed in the essay is considered to be an essential aspect of nursing and play an important role for the RN. As Marquis and Hustin (2008) stated, â€Å"delegation is a necessity and not an option†. So it is important that nurses as well as students preparing to become nurses are well trained and equipped in this field. As someone who is going to school in September for Nursing, I am fully aware that delegation is vital. If there is a team effort, then tasks will get done much faster and much more accurate.Delegation is an important nursing skill which requires a systematic plan to ensure optimal patient care (Finkelman 2006). Referring back to Maslow, nursing needs to be organized and delegated appropriately. Delegation is a skill that can be calculated to minimize costs, maximize quality, and ensure effectiveness. More management courses in health care should be given to depict how to delegate properly, not just with nursing, but perhaps with all health care personnel. Since delegation improves with practice, it is important for nurses understand when to delegate and how.Learning these skills will also prepare the nurses in future to delegate task when they qualify and becom e RN’s. In relation to nursing practice, registered nurses should help other nurses by delegating tasks to them that are within their level of competence as well as making sure that all tasks assigned to them are duly supervised and follow up on the delegated task.

Hilton hotels Corporate Governance Essay

Hilton Hotels and Resorts is an international chain of full service hotels and resorts and it’s a flagship brand of Hilton Worldwide. The original company was founded by Conrad Hilton and is now owned by Hilton Worldwide. Hilton hotels are owned, managed, or franchised to independent operators by Hilton Worldwide. Hilton Hotels became the first coast-to-coast hotel chain of the United States in 1943. As of 2013, there are now over 540 Hilton branded hotels across the world in 78 countries across six continents. The Hilton Hotels brand remains one of the company’s flagship brands and one of the largest hotel brands in the world. The company places marketing emphasis on both business travel and leisure travel with locations in major city centers, near airports, convention centers, and a number of vacation resorts and leisure-oriented hotels in popular vacation destinations around the world. Since being founded in 1919, Hilton Worldwide has been a leader in the hospitality industry. Today, Hilton Worldwide remains a beacon of innovation, quality, and success. And it comprehended the importance of corporate governance and formulated very systematic corporate governance guidelines. And I have disseminated its corporate governance in India, United States and United Kingdom. CORPORATE GOVERANCE AND ITS IMPORTANCE: The system of rules, practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of the many stakeholders in a company – these include its shareholders, management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government and the community. Since corporate governance also provides the framework for attaining a company’s objectives, it encompasses practically every sphere of management, from action plans and internal controls to performance measurement and corporate disclosure. Corporate governance became a pressing issue from 2002 introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the U.S., which was ushered in to restore public confidence in companies and markets after accounting fraud bankrupted high-profile companies such as Enron and WorldCom. Most companies strive to have a high level of corporate governance. These  days, it is not enough for a company to merely be profitable; it also needs to demonstrate good corporate citizenship through environmental awareness, ethical behavior and sound corporate governance practices. HILTON WORLDWIDE’S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: Hilton Worldwide has divided its division of corporate governance into four major classifieds, such as guidelines, Code of conduct, Ethical code, and management. These are clearly explained below: HILTON WORLDWIDE CORPORATE GUIDELINES: The Nominating Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors (the â€Å"Board†) of Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (the â€Å"Company†) and the Board have developed, and the Board has adopted, these governance guidelines, which describe the principles and practices that the Board is expected to follow in carrying out its responsibilities. It is expected that these guidelines will be reviewed by the Governance Committee from time to time to ensure that they effectively promote the best interests of both the Company and the Company’s stockholders and that they comply with all applicable laws, regulations and the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange and other national stock exchanges of its incorporation. These guidelines should be interpreted in the context of all applicable laws and the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, bylaws and other corporate governance documents (each as amended, restated and in effect). These guidelines are intended to serve as a flexible framework within which the Board may conduct its business and not as a set of legally binding obligations. The Board may modify these guidelines from time to time. It provides guidelines on Board roles and responsibilities Board composition, structure, policies Board meetings Exceptions of Directors Management succession plan Evaluation of board performance Board composition Communication with non-managing directors CODE OF CONDUCT: Statement of Policy The reputation of Hilton and each of our Hotels is the key to our past, present and future success. Every Team Member is personally responsible to act with integrity to enhance Hilton’s reputation as well as to maintain a desirable work environment. Integrity means doing what’s right, all the time, and encouraging those around us to do the same. In some instances, the Code of Conduct contains rules that must be strictly observed, and in other instances it provides general guidelines. In all instances, compliance with the Code of Conduct is required. We expect Team Members to uphold the highest standards of ethical conduct in every action taken on Hilton’s behalf. Team Members must not only avoid improper activities, but also activities that create the appearance of impropriety. This Code of Conduct provides guidance about how Hilton and Team Members must work together to achieve the highest ethical standards in the hospitality business. This Code of Conduct is applicable to all employees of Hilton Worldwide, Inc. and its subsidiaries and to the employees of all hotels owned, operated or managed by Hilton Worldwide , whether or not they are employed by Hilton Worldwide. The code of conduct provides policies on the following Personal accountability Respecting and valuing diversity Maintaining harassment free work force Maintaining safe and healthy work space Drug and alcohol free workspace Violence- free workspace Restricting unacceptable behavior Business ethics Personal investment of employees Policies for conflict of interest Personal information privacy policy of employees, customers, etc. Family members and relationship Outside business and employment Reportable interests Financial obligation Business courtesies Proprietary, confidential and trade secrets Maintaining global corporate citizenship These are crucial aspects covered in code of conduct of Hilton worldwide. PRIME FEATURES OF INDIAN, UK, US CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: An effective board to provide leadership †¢ A single board with members collectively responsible for the long-term success of the company. †¢ A clear division of responsibilities for running the board and running the company with a separate chairman and chief executive. †¢ An appropriate balance of skills, experience and independence on the board and its committees. †¢ Formal and transparent procedures for appointing directors, with all appointments and re-appointments to be ratified by shareholders. †¢ Regular evaluation of the effectiveness of the board, its committees and individual directors. Accountability The board must present a balanced assessment of the company’s position. The board must determine the nature and extent of the significant risks it is willing to take, and oversee sound risk management and internal control systems. Formal and transparent procedures for carrying out these responsibilities, including an audit committee made up of independent directors and with the necessary experience. Remuneration Formal and transparent procedures for setting executive remuneration, including a remuneration committee made up of independent directors and an advisory vote for shareholders. A significant proportion of remuneration to be linked to performance conditions designed to promote the long-term success of the company. Relations with shareholders Regular contact with shareholders to understand their opinions and concerns. Separate resolutions on all substantial issues at general meetings. Shareholders to monitor and engage with the companies in which they invest. Insider trading law in US: Section 17(a) of the Securities Act,1933 prohibits fraudulent practices with the offer or sale of any security SEC Rule 14e-3, under Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and Insider Trading Act, 1984 (ITSA) permits the SEC to bring suit against anyone violating the Exchange Act by â€Å"trading a security while in possession of material nonpublic information.† ITSA provides for penalties of up to three times the profits gained or loss avoided by the insider trading and authorizes a criminal penalty for insider trading of up to $100,000. Last few years have been significant strengthening of corporate governance in India. Hilton worldwide is listed in Indian stock exchange regulators and it adopts the guidelines of SEBI and MCA in India. Key aspects are mentioned below: Share Holding pattern Committee of corporate governance Yearly corporate governance report CONCLUSION: Since the Wall Street crash in 1929 and recent Lehman Brothers scandal, with every corporate scandal, corporate governance in corporate world is getting better. And the field of corporate governance has attracted great attention and enhancements in almost all facets. Hilton Worldwide is maintaining its market leadership with a well-structured corporate governance policies and practices. As Hiltons business based on hospitality, it’s very crucial to satisfy its stakeholders and corporate governance plays a crucial part in doing so.

Biography of Henri IV essays

Biography of Henri IV essays King Henri IV was born in the castle of Chateau of Pau in Bearn on December 14,1553. His mother was Jeanne dAlbret the only child of the King Henri II of Navarre and Marguerite of Angouleme. His father was Antoine de Bourbon who descended through lineage from Louis IX. When Jeanne dAlbret was a child her father made her promise that while in labor she would sing him a song so that her unborn child would not be puling or a sulky infant. Jeanne d Albret sang in her own language the song of all Bearnais mothers, imploring the Virgin, whose chapel stood on the bridge over the river at Pau, to pray for a speedy delivery and the gift of a son(Seward,7). When Henri was born his proud grandfather wrapped him in fold of his cloak and gave him a box containing his will. He then rubbed Henris lips with garlic and made him sip of wine from his gold cup to ensure that his temperament would be manly and vigorous. When Henri grandfather died his mother Jeanne became Queen of Navarre. Henris earliest years were spent in a world neither courtly or intellectual(Seward 10). Suzanne dAlbret took him to her husbands castle of Coarraze in the Pyrenees. Here as a young child Henri was not treated as a prince or given toys but was brought up around peasant children. His time at the castel was the foundation of an unfailing common touch, and of iron health(Seward 10). Henri attended classes at the College de Navarre. He was a very dedicated student to the study of theology. While in Pau Henri found an another tutor Florent Chrestian. He was taught to be a skilled swordsman in the fashionable Italian manner, his lengthy rapier balanced by poignard, and also to handle pole-axe, halberd or spoonton, or even the great infantry spear, eighteen foot long, in an age when gentlemen did not disdain to trail the puissant pike. (Seward 22). The training that Henri re...

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding Under the persecution and terror of the Third Reich, Jewish children could not afford simple, childlike pleasures. Though the seriousness of their every action may not have been known in absolutes to them, they lived in a realm of cautiousness and distrust. They were forced to wear the yellow badge, forced out of school, taunted and attacked by others their age, and disallowed from parks and other public places. Some Jewish children went into hiding to escape the increasing persecution and, most importantly, the deportations. Although the most famous example of children in hiding is the story of Anne Frank, every child in hiding had a different experience. There were two main forms of hiding. The first was physical hiding, where children physically hid in an annex, attic, cabinet, etc. The second form of hiding was pretending to be Gentile. Physical Hiding Physical hiding represented an attempt to hide ones complete existence from the outside world.   Location: A place to hide had to be found. Through family and friends, information spread through a network of acquaintances. Someone might offer to hide the family for free, others might ask a price. The size, comfort, and security of hiding places varied tremendously. I dont know how the contact was arranged, but there we stayed in what was actually a cabinet, only sixty or seventy centimeters wide. The length of it would have been a couple of meters, because we could all lie on top of each other comfortably. My parents couldnt stand, but I could, and I sort of walked between them. This cabinet was in a cellar, so it was well hidden. Our presence there was so secret, not even the children of the hiding family knew that we were there. That was where we stayed for thirteen months!-Richard Rozen, six years old when went into hiding Children were most often not told about the presence of the hiding place in advance. The location of the hiding place had to remain an absolute secret the ir lives depended on it.Then would come the day to finally move into their hiding place. For some, this day was preplanned; for others, this day was the day they heard word about impending harm or deportation. As nonchalantly as possible, the family would pack a few remaining, important items and leave their home. Daily Life: Each day, these children woke up, knowing that they must be extremely quiet, must move slowly, and that they would not be allowed to leave the confinement of their hiding place. Many of these children would go months, even years, without seeing daylight. In some instances, their parents would make them do a few indoor exercises and stretches to keep their muscles active. In hiding, children had to remain absolutely quiet. Not only was there no running, there was no talking or laughing, no walking, and even no flushing the toilets (or dumping the chamber pots). To keep busy, many children would read (sometimes they read the same couple of books over and over because they didnt have access to any new ones), draw (though the supply of paper was not plentiful), listen to stories, listen to adults talking, play with imaginary friends, etc.  Fear: In bunkers (hiding places within ghettoes) the fear of Nazi capture was very great. Jews hid in their hiding places when they were ordered for deportation. Nazis would go from house to house in search of any Jews that were hiding.   The Nazis looked in each house, looked for fake doors, fake walls, mats covering an opening.   When we got to the loft, we found it crowded and the people very tense. There was one young woman trying to comfort an infant who was crying. It was just a tiny baby, but he wouldnt go to sleep, and she couldnt stop him from crying. Finally, she was given a choice by the other adults: Take your crying baby and leave or kill the infant. She smothered it. I dont remember if the mother cried, but you didnt have the luxury of weeping. Life was so precious and so cheap at the same time. You did what you could to save yourself.-Kim Fendrick, six years old when went into hiding Food and Water: Though the families brought some food and provisions with them, no family was prepared to stay in hiding for several years. They soon ran out of food and water. It was difficult to get additional food since most people were on rations. Some families would send one member out at night in the hopes of catching something. Fetching fresh water was also not easy. Some people couldnt take the stench and the darkness, so they left, but ten of us remained in that sewer - for fourteen months! During that time we never went outside or saw daylight. We lived with webs and moss hanging on the wall. The river not only smelled terrible but also it was full of diseases. We got dysentery, and I remember Pavel and I were sick with unrelenting diarrhea. There was only enough clean water for each of us to have half a cup a day. My parents didnt even drink theirs; they gave it to Pavel and me so that we wouldnt die from dehydration.  -Dr. Kristine Keren, Lack of water became a problem for other reasons too. With no access to a regular supply of water, there was no water to bathe in. Opportunities to wash ones clothes became few and far between. Lice and diseases were rampant. Even though I wasnt eating much, I was being eaten unbelievably. The lice down there were very bold. They would walk out onto my face. Everywhere I put my hand, there was another one. Fortunately, Rosia had a pair of scissors an cut off all my hair. There were body lice too. They would lay eggs in the seams of our clothing. For the whole six or seven months, I was down there in the hole, the only real fun I had was cracking the nits with my thumbnail. It was the only way in which I had even the slightest control over what was going on in my life.-Lola Kaufman, seven years old when went into hiding Sickness and Death: Being completely secluded also had many other problems. If someone got sick, they could not be taken to a doctor, nor could one be brought to them. Children suffered through many maladies that could have been tempered if not controlled by contemporary medicine. But what happened if someone did not survive the illness? If you did not exist, then how could there be a body? One year after Selma Goldstein and her parents went into hiding, her father died. The problem was how to get him out of the house, Goldstein recalled. The people next door and the family across the road were Dutch Nazis. So my father was sewn into a bed and the neighbors were told that the bed had to be cleaned. The bed was carried out of the house with my father in it. Then it was brought to a country estate out of town where a good policeman stood guard while my father was buried. For Goldstein, the normal process of mourning the death of her father was replaced by the horrible dilemma of how to get rid of his body. Arrest and Deportation: Though daily life and the problems they encountered were difficult to deal with, the real fear was being found. Sometimes the owners of the house they were staying in would be arrested. Sometimes there was information passed that their hiding place was known; thus, the need to evacuate immediately. Because of these situations, Jews often moved hiding places relatively frequently. Sometimes, though, as with  Anne Frank and her family,  the Nazis discovered the hiding place - and they were not warned. When discovered, adults and children were deported to the camps. Hidden Identities Just about everyone has heard of Anne Frank. But have you heard of Jankele Kuperblum, Piotr Kuncewicz, Jan Kochanski, Franek Zielinski, or Jack Kuper? Probably not. Actually, they were all the same person. Instead of hiding physically, some children lived within society but took on a different name and identity in an attempt to hide their Jewish ancestry. The example above actually represents only one child who became these separate identities as he transversed the countryside pretending to be Gentile. The children who hid their identity had a variety of experiences and lived in various situations.   Varied Experiences: Some children stayed with their parents or just their mother and lived among Gentiles with their host not knowing their true identity. Some children were left alone in convents or among families. Some children wandered from village to village as a farmhand. But no matter what the circumstances, all these children shared the need to hide their Jewishness.Children Who Could Hide Their Identity: The people that hid these children wanted children that would be the least risk to them. Thus, young children, especially young girls, were the most easily placed. Youth  was favored because the childs past life was short, thus did not greatly guide their identity. Young children were not likely to slip up or leak information about their Jewishness. Also, these children more easily adapted to their new homes. Girls were more easily placed, not because of a better temperament, but because they lacked the tell-tale sign that boys carried - a circumcised penis. No amount of wo rds or documents could cover or excuse this if it were discovered. Because of this risk, some young boys that were forced to hide their identity were dressed up as girls. Not only did they lose their name and background, they also lost their gender. My fictional name was Marysia Ulecki. I was supposed to be a distant cousin of the people who were keeping my mother and me. The physical part was easy. After a couple of years in hiding with no haircuts, my hair was very long. The big problem was language. In Polish when a boy says a certain word, its one way, but when a girl says the same word, you change one or two letters. My mother spent a lot of time teaching me to speak and walk and act like a girl. It was a lot to learn, but the task was simplified slightly by the fact that I was supposed to be a little bit backward. They didnt risk taking me to school, but they took me to church. I remember some kid tried to flirt with me, but the lady we were living with told him not to bother with me because I was retarded. After that, the kids left me alone except to make fun of me. In order to go to the bathroom like a girl, I had to practice. It wasnt easy! Quite often I used to come back with wet shoes. But since I was supposed to be a little backward, wetting my shoes made my act all the more convincing. -Richard Rozen Continually Tested: To hide amongst Gentiles by pretending to be Gentile took courage, strength, and determination. Every day these children came upon situations in which their identity was tested. If their real name was Anne, they had better not turn their head if that name were called. Also, what if someone were to recognize them or question their supposed familial relationship with their host? There were many Jewish adults and children who could never attempt to hide their identity within society because of their outward appearance or their voice sounded stereotypically Jewish. Others whose outward appearance did not bring them into  question  had to be careful of their language and of their movements.Going to Church: To  appear  Gentile, many children had to go to church. Having never been to church, these children had to find ways to cover for their lack of knowledge. Many children tried to fit into this new role my mimicking others. We had to live and behave like Christians. I was expected to go to confession because I was old enough to have already had my first communion. I didnt have the slightest idea what to do, but I found a way to handle it. Id made friends with some Ukrainian children, and I said to one girl, Tell me how to go to confession in Ukrainian and Ill tell you how we do it in Polish. So she told me what to do and what to say. Then she said, Well, how do you do it in Polish? I said, Its exactly the same, but you speak Polish. I got away with that and I went to confession. My problem was that I couldnt bring myself to lie to a priest. I told him it was my first confession. I didnt realize at the time that girls had to wear white dresses and be part of a special ceremony when making their first communion. The priest either didnt pay attention to what I said or else he was a wonderful man, but he didnt give me away.-Rosa Sirota After the War For the children and for many survivors, liberation did not mean the end of their suffering.   Very young children, that were hidden within families, knew nor remembered anything about their real or biological families. Many had been babies when they first entered their new homes. Many of their real families did not come back after the war. But for some  their real families were strangers. Sometimes, the host family was not willing to give up these children after the war. A few organizations were established to kidnap the Jewish children and give them back to their real families. Some host families, though sorry to see the young child go, kept in contact with the children. After the war, many of these children had conflicts adapting to their true identity. Many had been acting Catholic for so long that they had trouble grasping their Jewish ancestry. These children were the survivors and the future - yet they did not identify with being Jewish. How often they must have heard, But you were only a child - how much could it have affected you?How often they must have felt, Though I suffered, how can I be considered a victim or a survivor compared to those who were in the camps?How often they must have cried, When will it be over?